In nuclear defense planning, which concept focuses on managing risk during operations?

• A. Risk Assessment and Advanced Planning
• B. Operational Risk Management (ORM)
• C. Radiological Countermeasure Systems
• D. Contamination Avoidance

Answer: (B)

Managing risk during operations relies on a formal process that consistently identifies hazards, evaluates the associated risks, and puts controls in place to keep those risks at acceptable levels while tasks are carried out. Operational Risk Management provides this structured approach, guiding decision-making as missions unfold so safety and mission goals stay aligned—even in complex, high-stakes environments like nuclear defense planning. It emphasizes ongoing assessment, implementation of controls, and continuous supervision to adapt to changing conditions.

The other terms describe different ideas: one is more about planning steps before action, another focuses on specific tools to counter radiological threats, and another centers on avoiding contamination rather than managing risk throughout the execution of operations.